Millennium Development Goals    1990 1995 2000 2007 Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%) .. 71 71 72 Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, total (%) .. 47 48 49 GDP per person employed (annual % growth) .. 18 -1 4 Income share held by lowest 20% .. .. 4.8 .. Malnutrition prevalence, weight for age (% of children under 5) .. .. 21.5 18.4 Poverty gap at $1.25 a day (PPP) (%) .. .. 46 .. Poverty headcount ratio at $1.25 a day (PPP) (% of population) .. .. 83 .. Prevalence of undernourishment (% of population) .. .. .. 29 Vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) .. .. .. .. Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15-24) .. .. 71 82 Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15-24) .. .. 82 84 Persistence to last grade of primary, total (% of cohort) .. .. 39 36 Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 27 48 66 55 Total enrollment, primary (% net) .. .. 99 88 Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 10 .. 8 14 Ratio of female to male enrollments in tertiary education .. .. 38 51 Ratio of female to male primary enrollment 82 89 96 104 Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment .. .. 75 83 Share of women employed in the nonagricultural sector (% of total nonagricultural employment) 10.5 11.3 .. .. Goal 4: Reduce child mortality Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) 81 90 73 83 Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) 124 120 103 71 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) 209 202 170 111 Goal 5: Improve maternal health Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) .. .. 160 135 Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. .. 56 54 Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15-49) .. .. 31 42 Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) .. .. .. 1100 Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%) .. .. .. 92 Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15-49) .. .. 30 .. Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases Children with fever receiving antimalarial drugs (% of children under age 5 with fever) .. .. 27 25 Condom use, population ages 15-24, female (% of females ages 15-24) .. .. 9 .. Condom use, population ages 15-24, male (% of males ages 15-24) .. .. 28 .. Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people) 258 390 425 346 Prevalence of HIV, female (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. 8.4 Prevalence of HIV, male (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. 2 Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) 2.1 12.1 13.5 11.9 Tuberculosis cases detected under DOTS (%) .. 42 44 41 Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability CO2 emissions (kg per PPP $ of GDP) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Forest area (% of land area) 41 40 38 36 Improved sanitation facilities (% of population with access) 46 51 55 60 Improved water source (% of population with access) 41 52 63 76 Marine protected areas, (% of surface area) .. .. .. .. Nationally protected areas (% of total land area) .. .. .. 19.5 Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development Aid per capita (current US$) 53 43 38 53 Debt service (PPG and IMF only, % of exports, excluding workers' remittances) 28 24 25 2 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.0 .. 0.1 1.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0 0 0 8 Telephone lines (per 100 people) 0 0 0 1 Other Fertility rate, total (births per woman) 6.9 6.6 6.2 5.6 GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) 170 160 150 250 GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions) 1.6 1.6 1.7 3.5 Gross capital formation (% of GDP) 23.0 17.4 13.6 25.8 Life expectancy at birth, total (years) 49 48 46 48 Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) .. .. 64 72 Population, total (millions) 9.4 10.1 11.6 13.9 Trade (% of GDP) 57.2 78.5 60.9 68.1 Source: World Development Indicators database    Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified. Page: Country: Malawi Row: Series Column: Time Note: In some cases the data are for earlier or later years than those stated. Goal 1 targets: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than one dollar a day. Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger. Goal 2 target: Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling. Goal 3 target: Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education preferably by 2005 and to all levels of education no later than 2015. Goal 4 target: Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate. Goal 5 target: Reduce by three-quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio. Goal 6 targets: Have halted by 2015, and begun to reverse, the spread of HIV/AIDS. Have halted by 2015, and begun to reverse, the incidence of malaria and other major diseases. Goal 7 targets: Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programs and reverse the loss of environmental resources. Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water. By 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers. Goal 8 targets: Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable, non-discriminatory trading and financial system. Address the Special Needs of the Least Developed Countries. Address the Special Needs of landlocked countries and small island developing states. Deal comprehensively with the debt problems of developing countries through national and international measures in order to make debt sustainable in the long term. In cooperation with developing countries, develop and implement strategies for decent and productive work for youth. In cooperation with pharmaceutical companies, provide access to affordable, essential drugs in developing countries. In cooperation with the private sector, make available the benefits of new technologies, especially information and communications.